Continuous-vertical coking retort oven



Nov. 30, 1937. P. VAN ACKEREN 2,100,758

CONTINUOUS VERTICAL COKING RETORT OVEN Filed April 8, 1936 2Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 30, 1937. P. VAN ACKEREN CONTINUOUS VERTICAL COKIN@RETORT OVEN Filed April 8, l36- 2 Sheets-Sheen 2 Patented Nov. 30, 1937-coN'rINUoUs-VERTIGAL coKING RE'ron'r IovEN Paul Van Ackeren, Essen,Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, Pittsburgh,Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application April 8, 1936, Serial No.73,238

' In Germany February 3, 1934 2 Claims.

The invention relates to continuous vertical chamber ovens or retortsfor the production of gas and coke, and in particular to verticalchamber ovens or retorts of. such a design, that in the upper part ofthe coking chamberthere is provided a metallic suspension frame,extending from the oven roof into the interior of the chamber andadapted Vto feed the raw coal to be coked directly into the hightemperature zonepof the chamber, whilst the distillation gases producedin the coking chamber are drawn-off from the space between said coalfeeder and the chamber wall.

During the operation of such vertical chamber ovens, or retorts, it hasbeen found as a disadvantage, that certain constituents of thedistillation gases haveV condensed in the gas collecting spacesurrounding the coal feeder. Especially at the cooler parts of themetallic feeder, filled with cold coal, andat the chamber roof suchcondensatie substances deposit and decompose partially. By the formationof new deposits on the more or less decomposed 'condensates the freesection of the gas collecting space and of the suction pipe respectivelywill be choked up gradually. In order to avoid such stoppages, in thegas path, the deposits have to be removed from time to time by means ofrods or the like, whereby the comparatively low expense for -attendingthe continuous verticals is considerably increased. l

The main object of my present invention is to provide improvements inthe upper part of. said vertical chamber oven or retorts, so as toprevent stcppages (due to condensation of decomposable gas constituents)within the path of the distillation gases.

My present invention consists principally in that the metallic coalfeeder and the chamber roof are equipped with a cover of heat insulatingmaterial inside the chamber in such a manner, that the temperature inthe gas collecting space and at the walls will always be higher than thedew point of the distillation gases with regard to condensablehydrocarbons contained therein.

Furthermore, the present invention has for its object to provide a newand useful design of the metallic coal feeder, arranged in the upperpart of the chamber for feeding the raw coal to be coked directly intothe hot chamber zone, said feeder being constructed according to theinventiou in such a way, that the heat insulating refractory cover maybe attached safely to the metallic body of the feeder.

Still further objects of my invention will be understood readily fromthe following description of a preferred embodiment of my presentinvention.

On the drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through apart of a continuous vertical chamber oven, according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross section according to line II-II of Fig. 1and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section according to line III-III of Fig. 1in an enlarged scale.

Figure 4 is a vertical cross section through one part of Fig. l, in anenlarged scale.

Figure 5 is a vertical cross section according to line V-V of Fig. 4.

The continuous vertical chamber oven shown on 15 the drawings isprovided with a coking chamber 4, formed by refractory brick walls 20.The coking chamber 4 is closed on` the top by a cover plate 1, having acentral oblong opening in which the coal feeder 2 is arranged. Thefeeder 2 has a projecting frame 5, interlocking a sand seal 6, providedon the cover plate 1. The upper part of the feeder 2 is connected withthe outlet l of a coal storage hopper not shown on the drawing. Closableopenings l1 are provided in the enlarged body of the feeder 2 and may beused for introducing pushing rods o-r the like Vinto the feeder pipe.

At the left front side of the chamber roof, the gas ascension pipe l0,leading to the hydraulic main lila, is connected to the cover plate 1 ofthe coking chamber 4, whilst on the right front side a cleaning opening2l is provided.

The lower side of the chamber roof plate 1 and eventually also the upperside thereof is covered with a heat insulating material I6, such ashighly porous refractories. Likewise, the feeder 2 is fitted with acover of heat insulating material on its part projecting into the cokingchamber. The cover of the roof plate 1 and of the feeder 2 is 40constructed in such a way, that the gas collecting space 8a provided inthe upper part of the chamber 4 is formed only by walls of heatinsulating material.

The heat insulating cover of. the coal feeder 2 is fully illustrated inFigure 3. The body of the feeder consists of two cast iron frames, I9,I9a connected with one another by hinges l2, said frames being slightlyconvex on their length sides in order to prevent the warping of the castiron body when heated. The outside of the frame I9, lila is providedwith a row of dovetailed ribs I3, Vbetween which are inserted plates i4consisting of heat insulating refractory material. At the lower part ofthe frame I9, 19a a horizontal framthere to heat exchangersfor instanceregener-j ators or recuperators, corresponding "to the heating system ofthe oven.

As illustrated in Figure 2, the lcoal feeder 2 reaches up to the heatingue zone ofthe chamber walls, so that the coal fedinto the chamber willbe quickly heated and *,coked. The slope formed by the charge blow'theroutlet of the feeder inside the chamber is marked on the draw-V ingwith H and Ila, respectively.

'As' shown in Figure 1, it `may be advisable to `'line the ascensionpipe I0 also with heat insulating refractories lbi in'order to preventany condensation of vapors and inconvenient deposits.

I claim: 1. `Continuous-vertical coking retort oven comprising a retortchamber adapted to be vfed continuously at its top with'coal to be cokedand .having refractory heating walls `external thereto for externallyapplying coking heat tocoal in said :chamber through the heating wallstherefor: a

metal cover forming a suspension frame arranged `to'cover the top ofsaid chamber between the same and the atmosphere and having distillate`gas ,oiftake means in the -same anda metallic .coal feederchutesuspended from sai-d frame so asfto extend down from the metal coverinto the top ,of ythe chamber in spaced relation to the ,refractory.walls thereforfor delivering the coal to becoked into a hightemperature zone at a distance-from the top of the chamber leaving a:gas collecting and off-flow space around the coal feeder so that thedistillation gases produced in the chamber may be drawn off-from .thetop of the 4coking charge to .the distillateY `offtake througha freespace between the coal .feeder and the .walls of the top of the chamber;the outer surfaces of the sides of said coal feeder and the innersurfaceof the `metallic cover being .covered with a lining lof heat insulatingporous refractory material onrthe inside of the chamber and so as toprevent heat from being conducted through the sides of the coal feederfor lhaving refractory heating walls external thereto for externallyapplying coking heat to coal in said chamber through the heating wallstherefor: a metal cover forming a suspension frame arranged to cover thetop of said chamber between the same andthe .atmosphere and havingdistillategas oftake means in the same and a metallic coal feeder chutesuspended from said frame soas to extend down from the metal cover into.the top of the chamber in spaced relation to the refractory wallstherefor for delivering the coal to be coked into arhigh temperaturezone at a distance from the top of the chamber leaving a gas collectingAand off-ow space around the coal feeder so that the distillation gasesproduced in the chamber may be drawn off from the top of the cokingcharge to the distillate offtake through the free space between the coalfeeder and the walls of the top of the chamber; the outer surfaces ofthe sides of said coal feeder and the inner surface of the metalliccover being covered with a lining of heat insulating porous refractorymaterial on the inside ofthe chamber and so as to prevent heat frombeing conducted through ithe sides of the coal feeder Lfor absorption bycoal therein and through the metallic cover for radiation into theatmosphere and thereby maintain .the temperature of gas in the kgascollecting and off-flow space and the walls forming thev same alwaysvhigher than the dew point of the distillation gases with regard toconcondensable hydrocarbons; said coal feeder comprising a row of spacedupright dovetail ribs on the outer surface of its sides and said liningcomprising plates of the heat insulating refractory .material insertedbetween the ribs and provided with dovetail projections fitting thedovetail ribs on the coal feeder and a horizontal rib at the lowerpartof thecoal feeder between the upright ribs for supporting the platesbetween the upright ribs.

PAUL VAN ACKEREN.

